<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Xiaohua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kang, Bin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qian, Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mackey, M. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chen, P. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oyelere, A. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Sayed, I.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Sayed, Mostafa A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative study of photothermolysis of cancer cells with nuclear-targeted or cytoplasm-targeted gold nanospheres: continuous wave or pulsed lasers</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Biomedical Optics</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sep-Oct</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15</style></volume><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1083-3668</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We conduct a comparative study on the efficiency and cell death pathways of continuous wave (cw) and nanosecond pulsed laser photothermal cancer therapy using gold nanospheres delivered to either the cytoplasm or nucleus of cancer cells. Cytoplasm localization is achieved using arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide modified gold nanospheres, which target integrin receptors on the cell surface and are subsequently internalized by the cells. Nuclear delivery is achieved by conjugating the gold nanospheres with nuclear localization sequence peptides originating from the simian virus. Photothermal experiments show that cell death can be induced with a single pulse of a nanosecond laser more efficiently than with a cw laser. When the cw laser is applied, gold nanospheres localized in the cytoplasm are more effective in inducing cell destruction than gold nanospheres localized at the nucleus. The opposite effect is observed when the nanosecond pulsed laser is used, suggesting that plasmonic field enhancement of the nonlinear absorption processes occurs at high localization of gold nanospheres at the nucleus. Cell death pathways are further investigated via a standard apoptosis kit to show that the cell death mechanisms depend on the type of laser used. While the cw laser induces cell death via apoptosis, the nanosecond pulsed laser leads to cell necrosis. These studies add mechanistic insight to gold nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy of cancer. (c) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3486538]</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000284837400056</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Xiaohua Kang, Bin Qian, Wei Mackey, Megan A. Chen, Po C. Oyelere, Adegboyega K. El-Sayed, Ivan H. El-Sayed, Mostafa A.</style></notes><custom7><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">058002</style></custom7><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1117/1.3486538</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Xiaohua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Sayed, I.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qian, Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Sayed, Mostafa A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cancer cells assemble and align gold nanorods conjugated to antibodies to produce highly enhanced, sharp, and polarized surface Raman spectra: A potential cancer diagnostic marker</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nano Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1591-1597</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1530-6984</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Human oral cancer cells are found to assemble and align gold nanorods conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibodies. Immnoconjugated gold nanorods and nanospheres were shown previously to exhibit strong Rayleigh (Mie) scattering useful for imaging. In the present letter, molecules near the nanorods on the cancer cells are found to give a Raman spectrum that is greatly enhanced (due to the high surface plasmon field of the nanorod assembly in which their extended surface plasmon fields overlap), sharp (due to a homogeneous environment), and polarized (due to anisotropic alignments). These observed properties can be used as diagnostic signatures for cancer cells.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000247186800029</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Xiaohua El-Sayed, Ivan H. Qian, Wei El-Sayed, Mostafa A.</style></notes><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1021/nl070472c</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jain, Prashant K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, K. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Sayed, I.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Sayed, Mostafa A</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Calculated absorption and scattering properties of gold nanoparticles of different size, shape, and composition: Applications in biological imaging and biomedicine</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Physical Chemistry B</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">14</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7238-7248</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1520-6106</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The selection of nanoparticles for achieving efficient contrast for biological and cell imaging applications, as well as for photothermal therapeutic applications, is based on the optical properties of the nanoparticles. We use Mie theory and discrete dipole approximation method to calculate absorption and scattering efficiencies and optical resonance wavelengths for three commonly used classes of nanoparticles: gold nanospheres, silica-gold nanoshells, and gold nanorods. The calculated spectra clearly reflect the well-known dependence of nanoparticle optical properties viz. the resonance wavelength, the extinction cross-section, and the ratio of scattering to absorption, on the nanoparticle dimensions. A systematic quantitative study of the various trends is presented. By increasing the size of gold nanospheres from 20 to 80 nm, the magnitude of extinction as well as the relative contribution of scattering to the extinction rapidly increases. Gold nanospheres in the size range commonly employed (similar to 40 nm) show an absorption cross-section 5 orders higher than conventional absorbing dyes, while the magnitude of light scattering by 80-nm gold nanospheres is 5 orders higher than the light emission from strongly fluorescing dyes. The variation in the plasmon wavelength maximum of nanospheres, i.e., from similar to 520 to 550 nm, is however too limited to be useful for in vivo applications. Gold nanoshells are found to have optical cross-sections comparable to and even higher than the nanospheres. Additionally, their optical resonances lie favorably in the near-infrared region. The resonance wavelength can be rapidly increased by either increasing the total nanoshell size or increasing the ratio of the core-to-shell radius. The total extinction of nanoshells shows a linear dependence on their total size, however, it is independent of the core/shell radius ratio. The relative scattering contribution to the extinction can be rapidly increased by increasing the nanoshell size or decreasing the ratio of the core/shell radius. Gold nanorods show optical cross-sections comparable to nanospheres and nanoshells, however, at much smaller effective size. Their optical resonance can be linearly tuned across the near-infrared region by changing either the effective size or the aspect ratio of the nanorods. The total extinction as well as the relative scattering contribution increases rapidly with the effective size, however, they are independent of the aspect ratio. To compare the effectiveness of nanoparticles of different sizes for real biomedical applications, size-normalized optical cross-sections or per micron coefficients are calculated. Gold nanorods show per micron absorption and scattering coefficients that are an order of magnitude higher than those for nanoshells and nanospheres. While nanorods with a higher aspect ratio along, with a smaller effective radius are the best photoabsorbing nanoparticles, the highest scattering contrast for imaging applications is obtained from nanorods of high aspect ratio with a larger effective radius.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000236772900027</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jain, PK Lee, KS El-Sayed, IH El-Sayed, MA</style></notes><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1021/jp057170o</style></electronic-resource-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Xiaohua</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El Sayed, I.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Qian, Wei</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">El-Sayed, Mostafa A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cancer cell imaging and photothermal therapy in the near-infrared region by using gold nanorods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of the American Chemical Society</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">display</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Feb</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">128</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2115-2120</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0002-7863</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Due to strong electric fields at the surface, the absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by noble metal nanoparticles are strongly enhanced. These unique properties provide the potential of designing novel optically active reagents for simultaneous molecular imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. It is desirable to use agents that are active in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the radiation spectrum to minimize the light extinction by intrinsic chromophores in native tissue. Gold nanorods with suitable aspect ratios (length divided by width) can absorb and scatter strongly in the NIR region (650-900 nm). In the present work, we provide an in vitro demonstration of gold nanorods as novel contrast agents for both molecular imaging and photothermal cancer therapy. Nanorods are synthesized and conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibodies and incubated in cell cultures with a nonmalignant epithelial cell line (HaCat) and two malignant oral epithelial cell lines (HOC 313 clone 8 and HSC 3). The anti-EGFR anti body-conjugated nanorods bind specifically to the surface of the malignant-type cells with a much higher affinity due to the overexpressed EGFR on the cytoplasmic membrane of the malignant cells. As a result of the strongly scattered red light from gold nanorods in dark field, observed using a laboratory microscope, the malignant cells are clearly visualized and diagnosed from the nonmalignant cells. It is found that, after exposure to continuous red laser at 800 nm, malignant cells require about half the laser energy to be photothermally destroyed than the nonmalignant cells. Thus, both efficient cancer cell diagnostics and selective photothermal therapy are realized at the same time.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOS:000235452200054</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, XH El-Sayed, IH Qian, W El-Sayed, MA</style></notes><electronic-resource-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1021/ja057254a</style></electronic-resource-num></record></records></xml>