@article {1325,
	title = {Plasmonic Imaging of Human Oral Cancer Cell Communities during Programmed Cell Death by Nuclear-Targeting Silver Nanoparticles},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {133},
	number = {44},
	year = {2011},
	note = {Times Cited: 13Austin, Lauren A. Kang, Bin Yen, Chun-Wan El-Sayed, Mostafa A.},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {17594-17597},
	abstract = {Plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) have become a useful platform in Medicine for potential uses in disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, it has been reported that plasmonic NPs conjugated to nuclear targeting peptides cause DNA damage and apoptotic populations in cancer cells. In the present work, we utilized the plasmonic scattering property and the ability of nuclear-targeted silver nanoparticles (NLS/RGD-AgNPs) to induce programmed cell death in order to image in real-time the behavior of human oral squamous carcinoma (HSC-3) cell communities during and after the induction of apoptosis. Plasmonic live-cell imaging revealed that HSC-3 cells behave as nonprofessional phagocytes. The induction of apoptosis in some cells led to attraction of and their subsequent engulfment by neighboring cells. Attraction to apoptotic cells resulted in clustering of the cellular community. Live-cell imaging also revealed that,. as the initial,concentration of NLS/RGD-AgNPs. increases, the rate of self killing increases and the degree of attraction and clustering decreases. These results are discussed in terms of the proposed mechanism of cells undergoing programmed cell death.},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	doi = {10.1021/ja207807t},
	author = {Austin, Lauren and Kang, B. and Yen, C. W. and El-Sayed, M. A.}
}
@article {1089,
	title = {Plasmonic Field Enhancement of the Bacteriorhodopsin Photocurrent during Its Proton Pump Photocycle},
	journal = {Journal of the American Chemical Society},
	volume = {132},
	number = {21},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Yen, Chun-Wan Chu, Li-Kang El-Sayed, Mostafa A.},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {7250-+},
	abstract = {The proton pump photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin (bR) produces photocurrent on a microsecond time scale which is assigned to the deprotonation step forming the M(412) intermediate. The return of the M(412) intermediate to the bR ground state (bR(570)) has two pathways: (1) thermally via multiple intermediates (which takes 15 ms) or (2) by a more rapid and direct process by absorbing blue light (which takes hundreds of nanoseconds). By using nanoparticles (Ag, Ag-Au, and Au NPs) having different surface plasmon resonance extinction spectra, it is found that Ag NPs whose spectrum overlaps best with the M(412) absorption regions enhance the stationary photocurrent 15 times. This large enhancement is proposed to be due to the accelerated photoexcitation rate of the M(412) (in the presence of the plasmon field of the light in this region) as well as short-circuiting of the photocycle, increasing its duty cycles.},
	isbn = {0002-7863},
	doi = {10.1021/ja101301u},
	author = {Yen, C. W. and Chu, L. K. and El-Sayed, Mostafa A}
}
@article {1107,
	title = {Photocatalysis in Gold Nanocage Nanoreactors},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry A},
	volume = {113},
	number = {16},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Yen, C. W. Mahmoud, M. A. El-Sayed, M. A.},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {4340-4345},
	abstract = {The photodegradation of methyl orange was found to take place very efficiently using hollow Au nanocages which are known to have remaining Ag on their interior walls which can be oxidized to Ag(2)O. The degradation rate is found to be more efficient than photodegradation reaction using semiconductor nanomaterials, such as TiO(2) and ZnO. The reaction rate is found to increase by increasing the degree of Ag oxidation on the interior wall of the nanocages prior to the reaction and is a function of the nanocavity size and the pore density of the nanocage walls. As the cage size varies, it is found that the photocatalytic rate increases and then decreases with a maximum rate at nanoparticle size of 75 nm with a medium pore density-in the walls. All these results suggest that the catalysis is occurring inside the cavity, whose interior walls are covered with the Ag(2)O catalysts. Similar to the mechanism proposed in the degradation by the other semiconductors, we propose that the photodegradation mechanism involves the formation of the hydroxyl radical resulting from the photoexcitation of the Ag(2)O semiconductor. The observed results on the rate are discussion in terms of (1) the surface area of the inner wall covered with Ag (Ag(2)O), (2) the density and size of the pores in the walls, and (3) the cavity size of the nanoparticles.},
	isbn = {1089-5639},
	doi = {10.1021/jp811014u},
	author = {Yen, C. W. and Mahmoud, M A and El-Sayed, Mostafa A}
}
@article {1108,
	title = {Plasmonic Field Effect on the Hexacyanoferrate (III)-Thiosulfate Electron Transfer Catalytic Reaction on Gold Nanoparticles: Electromagnetic or Thermal?},
	journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C},
	volume = {113},
	number = {45},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Yen, Chun-Wan El-Sayed, Mostafa A.},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {19585-19590},
	abstract = {The rate of the catalytic reaction between hexacyanoferrate (III) and thiosulfate on gold nanoparticles is found to increase when irradiated with light in resonance with surface plasmon absorption of the gold nanoparticles. Turning on the plasmonic field by turning on light at the surface plasmon extinction band wavelength could increase the rate by one of two possible mechanisms. In the first one, the electromagnetic field could chan-e its radiative or nonradiative electron transfer process (Mechanism I). In the other mechanism (Mechanism II), the strongly absorbed light by the gold nanoparticles is rapidly converted from light energy into heat energy that increases the temperature of the medium and increases the reaction rate. In order to determine which mechanism the plasmonic catalytic effect follows, we determined the activation energy of the reaction by heating the reaction solution via two different methods: irradiation at the surface plasmon resonance of the gold catalyst and by direct heating in a thermostat. The two activation energies are found to be the same, suggesting that the plasmonic field effect in this electron transfer reaction is thermally induced.},
	isbn = {1932-7447},
	doi = {10.1021/jp905186g},
	author = {Yen, C. W. and El-Sayed, Mostafa A}
}
