TY - JOUR T1 - The Most Effective Gold Nanorod Size for Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy: Theory and In Vitro Experiments JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry B Y1 - 2014 A1 - Mackey, M. A. A1 - Ali, M. R. K. A1 - Austin, Lauren A1 - Near, R. D. A1 - El-Sayed, M. A. VL - 118 SN - 1520-6106 N1 - Mackey, Megan A. Ali, Moustafa R. K. Austin, Lauren A. Near, Rachel D. El-Sayed, Mostafa A. J1 - J. Phys. Chem. B M3 - 10.1021/jp409298f ER - TY - JOUR T1 - XAV939: From a Small Inhibitor to a Potent Drug Bioconjugate When Delivered by Gold Nanoparticles JF - Bioconjugate Chemistry Y1 - 2014 A1 - Afifi, M. M. A1 - Austin, Lauren A1 - Mackey, M. A. A1 - El-Sayed, M. A. VL - 25 SN - 1043-1802 N1 - Afifi, Marwa M. Austin, Lauren A. Mackey, Megan A. El-Sayed, Mostafa A. J1 - Bioconjugate Chem M3 - 10.1021/bc400271x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inducing Cancer Cell Death by Targeting Its Nucleus: Solid Gold Nanospheres versus Hollow Gold Nanocages JF - Bioconjugate Chemistry Y1 - 2013 A1 - Mackey, M. A. A1 - Saira, F. A1 - Mahmoud, M A A1 - El-Sayed, M. A. VL - 24 SN - 1043-1802 N1 - Mackey, Megan A. Saira, Farhat Mahmoud, Mahmoud A. El-Sayed, Mostafa A. J1 - Bioconjugate Chem M3 - 10.1021/bc300592d ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Real-Time Monitoring of Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced DNA Damage and Its Prevention by Platinum Nanoparticles JF - Acs Nano Y1 - 2013 A1 - Panikkanvalappil, S. R. A1 - Mahmoud, M A A1 - Mackey, M. A. A1 - El-Sayed, M. A. VL - 7 SN - 1936-0851 N1 - Panikkanvalappil, Sajanlal R. Mahmoud, Mahmoud A. Mackey, Megan A. El-Sayed, Mostafa A. J1 - ACS Nano M3 - 10.1021/nn403722x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Remote Triggered Release of Doxorubicin in Tumors by Synergistic Application of Thermosensitive Liposomes and Gold Nanorods JF - Acs Nano Y1 - 2011 A1 - Agarwal, A. A1 - Mackey, M. A. A1 - El-Sayed, Mostafa A A1 - Bellamkonda, R. V. AB - Delivery cif chemotherapeutic agents after encapsulation in nanocarriers such as liposomes diminishes side-effects, as PEGylated nanocarrier pharmacokinetics decrease dosing to healthy tissues and accumulate in tumors due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Once in the tumor, however, dosing of the chemotherapeutic to tumor cells is limited potentially by the rate of release from the carriers and the size-constrained, poor diffusivity of nanocarriers in tumor interstitium. Here, we report the design and fabrication of a thermosensitive liposomal nanocarder that maintains its encapsulation stability with a high concentration of doxorubicin payload, thereby minimizing "leak" and attendant toxicity. When used synergistically with PEGylated gold nanorods and near-infrared stimulation, remote triggered release of doxorubicin from thermosensitive liposomes was achieved in a mouse tumor model of human glioblastoma (U87), resulting in a. significant increase in efficacy when compared to nontriggered or nonthermosensitive PEGylated liposomes. This enhancement in efficacy is attributed to increase in tumor-site apoptosis, as was evident from noninvasive apoptosis imaging using Annexin-Vivo 750 probe. This strategy afford; remotely triggered control of tumor dosing of nanocarrier-encapsulated doxorubicin without sacrificing the ability to differentially dose drugs to tumors via the enhanced permeation and retention effect. VL - 5 SN - 1936-0851 N1 - Agarwal, Abhiruchi Mackey, Megan A. El-Sayed, Mostafa A. Bellamkonda, Ravi V. M3 - 10.1021/nn201010q ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative study of photothermolysis of cancer cells with nuclear-targeted or cytoplasm-targeted gold nanospheres: continuous wave or pulsed lasers JF - Journal of Biomedical Optics Y1 - 2010 A1 - Huang, Xiaohua A1 - Kang, Bin A1 - Qian, Wei A1 - Mackey, M. A. A1 - Chen, P. C. A1 - Oyelere, A. K. A1 - El Sayed, I.H. A1 - El-Sayed, Mostafa A AB - We conduct a comparative study on the efficiency and cell death pathways of continuous wave (cw) and nanosecond pulsed laser photothermal cancer therapy using gold nanospheres delivered to either the cytoplasm or nucleus of cancer cells. Cytoplasm localization is achieved using arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide modified gold nanospheres, which target integrin receptors on the cell surface and are subsequently internalized by the cells. Nuclear delivery is achieved by conjugating the gold nanospheres with nuclear localization sequence peptides originating from the simian virus. Photothermal experiments show that cell death can be induced with a single pulse of a nanosecond laser more efficiently than with a cw laser. When the cw laser is applied, gold nanospheres localized in the cytoplasm are more effective in inducing cell destruction than gold nanospheres localized at the nucleus. The opposite effect is observed when the nanosecond pulsed laser is used, suggesting that plasmonic field enhancement of the nonlinear absorption processes occurs at high localization of gold nanospheres at the nucleus. Cell death pathways are further investigated via a standard apoptosis kit to show that the cell death mechanisms depend on the type of laser used. While the cw laser induces cell death via apoptosis, the nanosecond pulsed laser leads to cell necrosis. These studies add mechanistic insight to gold nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy of cancer. (c) 2010 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.3486538] VL - 15 SN - 1083-3668 N1 - Huang, Xiaohua Kang, Bin Qian, Wei Mackey, Megan A. Chen, Po C. Oyelere, Adegboyega K. El-Sayed, Ivan H. El-Sayed, Mostafa A. M3 - 10.1117/1.3486538 ER -